Sunday, 3 July 2016

Part 3: Discuss the following statement made by Simon in Lord of the Flies: “‘Maybe,’ he said hesitantly, ‘maybe there is a beast’......What I mean is...maybe it’s only us’”// Joash and Ruan Yang

Part 3 of 3; scroll down to 'blog archive' to read from the first post.

Opinion on Concept

And now for the grand finale, on which I have spent weeks upon weeks in an aluminium foil hat, muttering in the corner with severe headaches: My opinion on the concept of sin-lust.



However to prove the differing points of view worthy of analysis, it is first necessary to address a major premise upon which the validity of these arguments hinge, that is, the logic of the concept of evil. Is there such a thing as “evil” and “wrong”? Well if there was, not there would be no need to argue as there would be no such thing as wrong and I would be correct, but then I would be wrong yet thus correct, which would then prove me correct as there is no such thing as wrong which demands correction which must not, yet may be wrong thus proving me to be wrongly correct and therefore correctly wrong, correct? (I agree, should be sorry; or not?). However to avoid any games of linguistic limbo, the matter which I wish to assert is not whether evil exists as a tangible and empirical force (for which it has been argued that evil is the absence of good as darkness is the absence of light, silence is the absence of sound and homework is the absence of joy, and thus; saddeningly unlike the latter; does not exist), but rather whether there is such a thing as right and wrong.



Yes, this image was absolutely necessary.
Conundrums aside, I believe this to be true, through the investigation of the origin of evil. Hypothetically, if good and evil did not exist, all would be in be equally right, in a state of uniformity, and uniformity, by definition denies any medium of distinction, thus we would be unable to tell if something was right or wrong. How then could we have created such a distinction if there was nothing to differentiate? Therefore the fact that the concept of evil exists proves its own validity. If all I have typed appears as profound verbiage, I believe that CS Lewis puts it best: “if there were no light in the universe (and therefore it would be dark as we understand it), and therefore no creatures with eyes, we should never have known that it was dark. Dark would be a word without meaning” (context added). This puts to death the concepts which directly deny the existence of evil, such as moral relativism (right and wrong are based on the subjects concerned) and moral nihilism (nothing is intrinsically right or wrong, morals are merely something imposed upon us by civilisation and religion), and also enforces that an absolute and transcendent moral law exists (which will be a major premise in later arguments). To sum it up, evil exists, thus the 2870 words and chronic sleep deprivation that led up this sentence have not been for naught.



And finally, two paragraphs after I promised it, my opinion. I support Golding’s sin-lust ideology, and as he has expressed through his book, believe that sin is the result of succumbing to sin-lust, which may be affected circumstantial factors. The following are my reasons for this belief.



WARNING: All the fun-sunshiny end-of-the-rainbow entertainment and corny jokes end here. If you’ve come for a blog post, in the name of your sanity I maintain that you skip ahead to the conclusion. The author strongly suggests that you do not read on unless you happen to be a masochist and/or are the unfortunate teacher condemned to read his work. It would be an understatement to say that the following portion is a dry philosophical monstrosity and the cause of this warning being typed at 1 am.



To begin with, the first premise which I wish to enforce is that circumstances, or modifying and influencing factors (Courtesy of Dictionary.com) affect us. No, this is not a sarcastic comment, yes a bear does defecate in the woods, (See link: “Black Bear Pooping in the Woods in HD”, I rest my case) However obvious, for the sake of proof I have taken it upon myself to regurgitate from within my skull the following arguments:



Air:

  • Air in itself is a circumstance; it is a scientifically proven fact that air is necessary for human survival 
  • All in opposition are cordially invited to for a discussion at Bedok Swimming Complex

  • Proof that that our internal aspects (knowledge, personality etc.) is not only influenced but reliant on external factors
  • Thus circumstances affect us


Impossibility of Refutation:
  • To first understand this argument one must acknowledge that asodfh;lasdkjf ;lsdajf;lasd;oifasdlih f CHEESECHEESECHEESECHEESEasdfasdf
  • The fact that the past sentence made no sense, albeit the capitalised words, and the fact that you are understanding this sentence right now, exemplifies my point
  • For anyone even begin to challenge this argument, he must first perceive these words, thus allowing this circumstance of dots and dashes on a screen to affect him
  • Furthermore, any empirical, experiential or logical evidence presented only does so by the effect of the circumstance of my fingers flying across the keyboard
  • Thus circumstances affect us


Furthermore, I also wish to assert the following premise: sin, or wrong, for the purposes of this abomination of a blog post, exists. This argument has been enforced earlier in said blog post, thus do bear with me as I pointlessly increase my word count with the following reinstated point.


Existence of Distinctive Concept:
  • Without the existence of sin, there would be no such thing as right or wrong
  • All would be in uniformity of righteousness
  • No one would have been capable of creating such a medium of distinction, as the uniformity I have emphasised prevents anyone from perceiving, much less maintaining that sin exists
  • Thus the existence of the concept of sin proves its own existence


For the sake of all readers who have gone through sudden memory loss, in the past few paragraphs I have highlighted that circumstances affect us, and that sin exists. This undergirds the third premise I wish to bring forth: Man cannot be under the influence of circumstance alone (as supported by the worldview of Circumstantial Evil I have stated in the beginning of this post), and morality, or the inherent and universal knowledge of right and wrong, is necessary to reconcile the past two propositions, that sin exists and circumstances affect us:


Existence of Evil:
  • Implication of Circumstantial Evil: Everyone is merely acting under the influence of their past circumstances
  • Thus when anyone does something supposedly wrong, his past is ultimately to blame
  • Thus sin is the impossibility to do wrong, and person who allegedly commits the sin is not responsible
  • Therefore circumstances are the cause of sin, and circumstances are ultimately caused naturally, as human-inspired circumstances also demand natural circumstances as a cause
  • Therefore there would be no such thing as sin, which contradicts the first premise
  • Thus morality, or knowledge of right and wrong, is necessary for sin to be a decision, and for someone to take responsibility for sin, such that sin will have a cause
  • This allows for circumstances to affect us and for sin to exist


Unfortunately for your dear author, it must be proven that morality is universal, to provide credence for my later claims. Thus I present the result of 3 sleepless nights:


Partial Morality is Equivalent to Amorality:
  • Implication of partial morality: Some people have the knowledge of right and wrong, while others do not
  • However, in the hypothetical scenario where partial morality is true, no one can trust that their sense of morality is actual morality, or the complete product of their circumstances
  • Thus, no one would know if their sense of right and wrong is correct or wrong (let’s not get into this again)
  • Therefore no one would truly know what is right or wrong
  • Thus morality, the knowledge of right and wrong, would not exist
  • On the other hand, in the case of the proposition of sin-lust, morality and circumstantial effect which I have put forth, everyone can trust that they have some sense of morality
  • Thus morality must be universal for morality to exist, which is supported by the previous argument.


Denial of Moral Absolutes
  • Implication of partial morality: Some people are innately pure, yet others are the product of their circumstances
  • Moral absolutes exist: Since sin exists, as presupposed by claiming the existence of morality, some deeds are definitely right while others are indisputably wrong
  • Those who do are innately pure would be doing so as a knee-jerk reaction. Only their innate morality is responsible for their righteousness
  • If so, moral absolutes would not be moral absolutes, as they only apply to some but not to others (i.e. moral absolutes would only to apply to those without morality)
  • Therefore morality is universal, as the assumptions of partial morality contradict its implications


(Further proof of universal morality can be found later under the “Cause and Effect” argument in the following paragraph, where I found it more apt)


And now, the final paragraph before I seek serious mental rehabilitation; with the established hypothesis that morality is within us all, the theory of innate purity, which claims that we are under the effect of morality and circumstances only in terms of sin, appears enticingly conclusive. However before we pop the champagne, I have ideated the following 3 counter-arguments which not only show errs in the said concept, but also prove the sin-lust to be logically valid ideology:


Cause and effect:
  • Implication of Innate Purity: The assumption is that morality is innate without any opposition but circumstance, and thus since birth, one would be educated on the moral laws
  • Morality obviously supports itself, morality would not deem morality to be immoral, or it would have self-destructed. Yet it exists as affirmed in the previous paragraphs
  • Thus, one would have moral urges
  • How then would one be affected immorally by circumstances?
  • All immorality-influencing circumstances would not have affected their morality, as from the very first circumstance they have been rejecting it due to their moral tendencies
  • Thus this assumes that everyone would be without sin
  • This is refuted through proof of the existence of sin as I have repeatedly maintained
  • Even if there were a select few that did not have morality (Thus sin would still exist)
  • Their supposed sin would arise from their circumstances which are out of human control
  • Thus they would sin as a knee-jerk reaction, and would not be responsible
  • Therefore they too would not sin
  • In conclusion, for sin to exist: Morality must exist, and morality must be universal
  • As such, sin-lust is necessary to work in contradiction to these moral urges, for sin to exist
  • Therefore sin-lust exists


Suicidal Belief
  • This argument implies that the cause of sin is one’s circumstances, which creates flaws in one’s sense of morality
  • Thus in the name of morality, to maintain one’s morality (see the second point of cause and effect), isn’t it logical to commit suicide?
  • Even if morality prevents suicide, morality would be self-contradictory, as it encourages one to stay moral, and thus to abstain from sin through refraining from circumstances, which may only be achieved through suicide (as we all are affected by circumstances, as expressed in one of the first few paragraphs)
  • Thus this argument is self-defeating, as it cannot be logically maintained unless one kills himself first
  • However one who does have sinful urges, would be able to accept circumstances and not blame them for sin, but rather himself
  • Therefore everyone alive would have sin-lust


Good riddance and bad rubbish.


Thus I conclude the beast which has arisen from the weeks upon weeks of hair loss during my holidays. I sincerely apologise for the egocentric complaints I have made about the difficulty of my work; this is my first time attempting anything like this; and I hope that they may be viewed as cheap humor. In summary, I have founded my agreement in Golding’s sin-lust ideology on the following premises:


Premise 1: Circumstances affect us
Premise 2: Sin exists
Premise 3: Morality is necessary for circumstances to reconcile the past two premises and must be universal
Premise 4: Sin-lust is necessary based on Premise 3

All in all, over the course of these few blog posts, I have presented the implications of Golding’s sin-lust concept, namely that there is an indwelling tendency to sin in all mankind, its possible origins, that is his experience in World War 2 and Golding’s Christian faith, and established my opinion on Golding’s concept (no way I am going to expound on this point). As I have often maintained, every cheeseburger has its pickles, and I advise that you consider the arguments I have made with a pinch of salt. On this cheerful note, I conclude my discussion on Golding’s concept of sin-lust.

For the final time, thanks for reading :)


Sources:

Pictorial Sources:






 
Informative Sources:

Part 2: Discuss the following statement made by Simon in Lord of the Flies: “‘Maybe,’ he said hesitantly, ‘maybe there is a beast’......What I mean is...maybe it’s only us’”// Joash and Ruan Yang

Part 2 of 3; scroll down for the first post

So, what is sin-lust?



sin.jpgSin-lust, as I have asserted, is the inherent will in all mankind to do wrong. For the sake of clarity, I have defined “lust” as more of a tendency or a subtle temptation, as opposed to an overwhelming attraction towards evil. Furthermore, I have defined sin as “that which transgresses common ethics” regardless of its “magnitude”, thus anything from drowning a bus full of orphaned children with water meant to be imported to Africans- whilst simultaneously urinating on the Queen of England, to eating the last cookie in the tin, will be considered as sin, for the purposes of succinctness and religious impartiality. In addition, it is also essential to note other theories for the origin of sin, one of which is the belief of circumstantial evil, or consequentialism, that we humans are the product of our circumstances, and sin is merely the result of circumstantial poverty (for example, financial or psychological poverty). This view is actually represented in the Lord of the Flies; upon the boy’s division, Ralph and Piggy blame Jack for their situation, which demonstrates the implication of this concept, that responsibility lies in one’s circumstances. Another contrasting ideology for the origin of sin is that of innate purity, which maintains that sin-lust simply does not exist, and humanity is not subject to any influence but circumstances and morality in their choice between right and wrong. This is portrayed in the Lord of the Flies through Jack’s statement which suggests a belief that they are not inherently evil in chapter 2: “We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English; and the English are best at everything” (55, emphasis added). In summary, Golding’s belief of sin-lust maintains that all of mankind intrinsically gravitate towards wrongdoing, and are condemned with so alluring a temptation that even civilisation struggles to do any justice.



Origin of concept






On a much lighter note, I shall now discuss the origins Golding’s sin-lust belief, World War 2. This is the first of the two possible origins I have ideated, which demand investigation to enable a brag-worthy understanding of the topic. According to the introductory materials provided by “Lord of the Flies, Educational Edition”, Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940, during which he served in the pursuit of the German ship Bismarck, participated in the invasion of Normandy, and clawed himself to the rank of lieutenant in command for a rocket landing craft. (He then went on to be a teacher, a job for which I believe he is severely overqualified). To state the obvious in emphasis of my point, the 2nd world war was no joke: millions of lives were taken in war and the brutal discrimination of Nazi Ideology. This serves disturbingly well as experiential evidence towards Golding’s belief in the existence of sin-lust, considering Golding’s exposure to not just war, but war in its most devastating form. World War 2 allowed Golding to see man’s reaction when stripped from the law, and are licensed to do what they would once call murder. This view is also supported by Golding in the aforementioned essay ‘Fable’ during which Golding states that:



“there were things done during that period (World War 2) from which I still have to avert my mind lest I should be physically sick. They were not done by the headhunters of New Guinea, or by some primitive tribe in the Amazon. They were done, skillfully, coldy, by educated men, doctors, lawyers, by men with a tradition of civilisation behind them, to beings of their own kind” (emphasis added 252)



This confirms that Golding’s writing was likely to be under the influence of his experience in the world war, and also how he realised the strength of sin-lust, that it could even overpower the bindings of civilisation upon men. To sum it up, with the evidence presented, World War 2 did not just bring the an immense loss of lives and a global economic downturn, but also (unsurprisingly) the Lord of the Flies, and therefore it would be unsurprising if it were one of the causes of Golding’s sin-lust ideology.


In addition, another possible origin for Golding’s sin-lust ideology is Christianity, the religion to which Golding professes (see http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7826371/Sir-William-Golding.html). The striking similarities between the introductory chapters and the tale of Adam and Eve (the first male and female) in the biblical Garden of Eden (Genesis) , the actions of Simon in correspondence to the life of Jesus Christ (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John), the reference to the Beast as a “snake thing” and the “Lord of the Flies” which may be associated to the serpent at the Adamic Fall (Genesis 3) and the Jewish public’s reference to the devil as Beelzebub (Luke 11:15, literally translates to lord of the flies) renders it to be as clear as daylight that Christianity would have had some influence in the Lord of the Flies. One particular doctrine of Christianity stands out given the subject at hand: the doctrine of original sin. Essentially, this belief maintains that all men are innately sinful, due to the sin of the first man, Adam, and is founded on the following verses, courtesy of www.desiringgod.org:
Coincidence I Think Not.jpg

  • 5 Surely I was sinful at birth,/sinful from the time my mother conceived me.” (emphasis added, Psalm 51:5)


  • “As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, 2 in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. 3 All of us also lived among them at one time,gratifying the cravings of our flesh[a] and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature deserving of wrath.” (emphasis added, Ephesians 2:1-3)


  • "15 Folly is bound up in the heart of a child,/but the rod of discipline will drive it far away.” (emphasis added, Proverbs 22:15)


  • “21 The Lord smelled the pleasing aroma and said in his heart: “Never again will I curse the ground because of humans, even though[a] every inclination of the human heart is evil from childhood. And never again will I destroy all living creatures, as I have done.” (emphasis added, Genesis 8:21)


  • “14 What are mortals, that they could be pure,/or those born of woman, that they could be righteous?/15 If God places no trust in his holy ones,/if even the heavens are not pure in his eyes,/16 how much less mortals, who are vile and corrupt,  who drink up evil like water!” (emphasis added, Job 15:14-16)


  • “3 This is the evil in everything that happens under the sun: The same destiny overtakes all. The hearts of people, moreover, are full of evil and there is madness in their hearts while they live, and afterward they join the dead.” (Job 9:3)

And here, Ladies and Gentlemen, is the final nail in the coffin; Golding distinctly references this doctrine in his (perhaps now over-quoted) essay, ‘Fable’


  • “Man is a fallen being. He is gripped by original sin. His nature is sinful and his state perilous” (emphasis added, 253)


Thus with the evidence I have presented, I believe it does not take a Sherlock Holmes to deduce that the Christian doctrine of original sin inspired the concept of sin-lust Golding elaborates in the Lord of the Flies. To wrap it up and tie it with a bow, Golding’s belief in the sin-lust philosophy is likely to have originated from the experience of World War 2 and his faith as a Christian.

Once again, thanks for reading, more in the next post :)